Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard malleable transition metal.The elemental metal is rarely found in nature the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation.. Spanish scientist Andrés Manuel del Río discovered compounds of …Diels-Alder reaction of maleic anhydride and butadiene and isoprene gives the respective tetrahydrophthalic anhydrides which can be hydrogenated to the corresponding hexahydrophthalic anhydrides. These species are used as curing agents in epoxy resins.Another market for maleic anhydride is lubricating oil additives

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